Why Do Uterine Fibroids Happen in Women?

Uterine fibroids are very common and affect many women, especially during the years when they can have children. If you have heavy periods, lower belly pain, or feel bloated, you might have heard about fibroids. But what exactly are they, and why do they happen? In this blog, we will explain uterine fibroids in simple words, including what causes them, the signs to look for, who is at risk, and how they can be treated. If you are looking for fibroids treatment, then consulting with an experienced fibroids doctor can help you understand your condition better. 

What Are Uterine Fibroids?

Uterine fibroids, also called leiomyomas or myomas, are non-cancerous lumps that grow in or on the uterus. They can be very small, too tiny to notice, or they can grow larger and change the shape of the uterus.

Fibroids are generally benign, which means they are not cancerous, but they can still cause discomfort and health problems for women.

Types of Uterine Fibroids

Fibroids can grow in different parts of the uterus, and their location often determines the symptoms:

1. Submucosal Fibroids

• Grow just under the lining of the uterus.

• Can cause heavy menstrual bleeding and fertility problems.

2. Intramural Fibroids

• Develop within the muscular wall of the uterus.

• May lead to pain, pressure, or heavy periods.

3. Subserosal Fibroids

• Grow on the outer wall of the uterus.

• Usually causes pressure symptoms like bloating or pelvic discomfort.

4. Pedunculated Fibroids

• Grow on a stalk inside or outside the uterus.

• Can twist and cause sudden, severe pain.

Causes of Uterine Fibroids

The exact cause of uterine fibroids is still unknown. However, researchers believe that hormones and genetics play a significant role.

Here are some main factors that contribute to fibroid growth:

1. Hormonal Imbalance

• Estrogen and progesterone, two key female hormones, help regulate the menstrual cycle and support pregnancy.

• Fibroids have more estrogen and progesterone receptors than normal uterine muscle cells, which may cause them to grow.

• They usually shrink after menopause, when hormone levels drop.

2. Genetic Factors

• If your mother or sister had fibroids, you are more likely to develop them.

• Certain gene changes in the uterine cells can trigger fibroid growth.

3. Growth Factors

• Substances in the body that help tissue grow, like insulin-like growth factors, may promote fibroid development.

4. Obesity and Lifestyle

• Being overweight increases estrogen levels, which may trigger fibroid growth.

• Lack of regular exercise and poor diet may also play a role.

5. Age Factor

• Fibroids are more common in women between 30 and 50 years old.

• The risk decreases after menopause due to lower hormone levels.

6. Other Risk Factors

• Early menstruation (before age 10)

• Vitamin D deficiency

• High blood pressure or unhealthy lifestyle

Symptoms of Uterine Fibroids

Not all women with fibroids experience symptoms. Sometimes fibroids are discovered during a routine pelvic exam. But when symptoms do occur, they can include:

• Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding

• Pelvic or lower back pain

• Frequent urination or difficulty emptying the bladder

• Constipation or bloating

• Pain during intercourse

• Reproductive issues like infertility or repeated miscarriages

It’s important to note that symptoms depend on the size, number, and location of fibroids.

How Are Fibroids Diagnosed?

Doctors usually diagnose fibroids using the following methods:

1. Pelvic Exam – The doctor can feel irregularities in the uterus.

2. Ultrasound – A common imaging test to detect fibroids.

3. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) – Helps identify fibroid size, number, and location.

4. Hysterosonography or Hysteroscopy – Used to look inside the uterus, especially for submucosal fibroids.

Treatment Options for Uterine Fibroids

Treatment depends on the severity of symptoms, fibroid size, location, and whether a woman wants to have children.

1. Watchful Waiting

• If fibroids are small and not causing symptoms, regular monitoring may be enough.

• Fibroids often grow slowly, and many women do not need treatment.

2. Medications

• Medications can help control symptoms but do not usually shrink fibroids permanently.

• Options include:

• Hormonal therapy (birth control pills, progesterone)

• Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists

• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for pain

3. Non-Surgical Procedures

• Uterine artery embolization (UAE) – Blocks blood flow to fibroids, causing them to shrink.

• MRI-guided focused ultrasound – Uses sound waves to destroy fibroid tissue.

4. Surgical Treatment

• Myomectomy – Removes fibroids while preserving the uterus (good for women wanting pregnancy).

• Hysterectomy – Complete removal of the uterus (used in severe cases, especially if childbearing is not desired).

Read More: The IVF Journey Explained: Guidance from a Leading Gurgaon Fertility Expert

FAQs About Uterine Fibroids

Q1. Can fibroids affect pregnancy?
Yes, fibroids can sometimes cause complications such as infertility, miscarriage, or preterm labor, depending on their size and location.

Q2. Do all women with fibroids need surgery?
No. Many women with fibroids do not need surgery. Treatment depends on symptoms and individual health needs.

Q3. Can fibroids turn into cancer?
It is extremely rare for fibroids to become cancerous. Less than 1% of fibroids develop into a type of cancer called leiomyosarcoma.

Q4. Can fibroids shrink naturally?
Fibroids may shrink after menopause due to lower estrogen levels. Some small fibroids may also shrink on their own over time.

Q5. How can I find the right doctor for fibroids?
Look for an experienced fibroids doctor or gynecologist who can guide you through diagnosis and treatment options. They can recommend the best approach for your condition and fertility goals.

Final Thoughts

Uterine fibroids are common and usually non-cancerous, but they can affect your quality of life. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options helps women make informed decisions about their health.

If you experience heavy bleeding, pelvic pain, or fertility issues, it’s important to consult an experienced fibroids doctor. Early diagnosis and proper treatment can help you manage symptoms effectively and maintain a healthy life.